Islam in Europe

The debate featured some of Europe’s leading politicians, thinkers, and policymakers, including former French prime minister Manuel Valls.

Compared to Muslims in the US, those in Europe are less integrated and more vulnerable to radicalization.

A fundamental debate about the essence of Europe emerged. Should Europe be European, or should Europe be a “state of all its citizens?”

Original plans for the contest were shelved over a year ago for fear of violent retribution.

Ramadan is a professor of Islamic Studies at Oxford, but he has been on a leave of absence since November 2017, after sexual allegations against him emerged.

The study addresses "the unprecedented dilemmas confronting European states resulting from mass immigration from Africa and the Middle East."

Few European politicians know that the world’s largest Muslim organization is a moderate one.

The German government estimates between 4.4 and 4.7 million Muslims are living in Germany.

"Islamist radicalization is a threat to our society, and not just when it leads to violence. It's a challenge every time the law of the state is respected only if compatible with religious tenets."

The local Christian couple had argued that the call to prayers violated their own religious rights.