In these troubled times, my thoughts often meander back to my early years in Israel. I was in my early twenties then. There was no social media, no cellphones. Israel was still a relatively young country surrounded by belligerent enemies. Threats came from Jordan, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon. There were daily terrorist threats, and even though Israel had Western allies, the international support for Israel was lukewarm, much as it is today. In those days, news was very important. Everyone needed to know what was happening at any given time of the day or night. I have vivid memories of sitting on Egged buses traveling from A to B. 

Many bus drivers had the radio on while they transported their passengers. Often, they were listening to local stations which played popular music. The volume was always kept low until the time for news on the hour, when the volume was raised and the shrill sound of six pips reverberated around the bus. Everything went quiet; people stopped talking, and everyone strained to listen to find out what was happening in the country. This ritual was embedded in the daily life of almost every citizen. At home, there were only two television channels to watch. They were both run by the national broadcaster, the Israel Broadcast Authority (IBA). 

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