On June 5, 1967, the Six Day War began, as the IDF fought the militaries of Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, and Lebanon.
In only six days, the IDF conquered the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, and east Jerusalem.
Who was leading Israel at the time?
Israel was led at the time by prime minister Levi Eshkol. Eshkol had additionally been serving as defense minister, but stepped down at the outset of the war and appointed former IDF chief Moshe Dayan to the role.
The IDF chief of staff at the time was Yitzhak Rabin, and the deputy chief was Haim Bar-Lev.
The Southern Command chief, responsible for fighting against Egypt, was Yeshayahu Gavish, the Central Command chief, responsible for the Jordanian front, including east Jerusalem, was Uzi Narkiss, and the Northern Command chief, responsible for fighting against Syria, was David "Dado" Elazar. The battle for Jerusalem's Old City, including taking control of the Western Wall, was led by 55th Paratroopers Brigade chief Mordechai "Motta" Gur.
Bar-Lev, Elazar, and Gur would all become IDF chiefs later in their careers, with Elazar leading the military through the Yom Kippur War, and Gur being in charge during 1976's Entebbe raid to rescue Israeli and Jewish hostages in Uganda.